{"abstracts":[{"sha1":"796c873a4e173be77128814a84052fa23ed7087e","content":"Abstract\n\t This article describes a clinical protocol for supporting those presenting with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociative symptoms, particularly dissociative flashbacks, based on a cross-culturally applicable model. The protocol is discussed from the perspective of working with a refugee and asylum seeker population, although many of the principles will be applicable to clients from any background presenting with these dissociative symptoms. The protocol addresses the assessment and formulation of a client's dissociative symptoms. It includes guidance on sharing psycho-education with clients regarding the evolutionary function of dissociation and developing practical strategies to monitor and manage dissociative symptoms. The strengths and limitations of this protocol are also discussed.\n\t \n\t Key learning aims\n\t After reading this article people will:\n\t\t\n\t\t (1)\n\t\t Be able to understand a cross-culturally applicable model of dissociation and how it applies to clinical practice when working with clients presenting with dissociative symptoms, particularly dissociative flashbacks, in the context of a diagnosis of PTSD.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t (2)\n\t\t Be able to assess and formulate dissociative symptoms as part of an overall PTSD formulation.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t (3)\n\t\t Be able to develop practical strategies for assisting clients in monitoring and managing their dissociative symptoms.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t (4)\n\t\t Be familiar with adaptations for using this approach with refugee and asylum seeker populations.\n\t\t\n\t \n\t ","mimetype":"application/xml+jats"}],"refs":[{"index":0,"extra":{"authors":["Weathers"],"volume-title":"The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5)"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref54","year":2013,"container_name":"The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5)"},{"index":1,"extra":{"doi":"10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.126"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref52"},{"index":2,"extra":{"doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2018.06.006"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref51"},{"index":3,"extra":{"doi":"10.1093/med:psych/9780199207497.001.0001"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref49"},{"index":4,"extra":{"authors":["Spitzer"]},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref48","year":2006,"container_name":"World Psychiatry","title":"Recent developments in the theory of dissociation","locator":"82"},{"index":5,"extra":{"doi":"10.3402/ejpt.v6.25652"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref47"},{"index":6,"extra":{"doi":"10.1097/00005053-199410000-00008"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref55"},{"index":7,"extra":{"authors":["Schauer"],"volume-title":"Narrative Exposure Therapy: A Short-Term Treatment for Traumatic Stress Disorders"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref46","year":2011,"container_name":"Narrative Exposure Therapy: A Short-Term Treatment for Traumatic Stress Disorders"},{"index":8,"extra":{"doi":"10.1177/0020764009105699"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref19"},{"index":9,"extra":{"doi":"10.1192/pb.25.5.161"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref50"},{"index":10,"extra":{"doi":"10.1300/j229v08n01_04"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref13"},{"index":11,"extra":{"doi":"10.1080/20008198.2018.1468707"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref56"},{"index":12,"extra":{"doi":"10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00123-0"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref23"},{"index":13,"extra":{"doi":"10.1002/jts.2490070106"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref18"},{"index":14,"extra":{"authors":["Carlson"]},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref16","year":1993,"container_name":"Dissociation: Progress in the Dissociative Disorders","title":"An update on the dissociative experiences scale","locator":"16"},{"index":15,"extra":{"doi":"10.1016/s0005-7967(00)00087-5"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref14"},{"index":16,"extra":{"volume-title":"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref39","year":2018,"container_name":"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder"},{"index":17,"extra":{"doi":"10.1192/bjp.bp.110.084764"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref10"},{"index":18,"extra":{"doi":"10.1002/da.21889"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref34"},{"index":19,"extra":{"doi":"10.1027/0044-3409/a000018"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref3"},{"index":20,"extra":{"doi":"10.1007/s11920-016-0723-0"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref36"},{"index":21,"extra":{"volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref57","year":2013,"container_name":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders"},{"index":22,"extra":{"authors":["Ainscough"],"volume-title":"Surviving Childhood Sexual Abuse: Practical Self-Help for Adults that were Sexually Abused as Children"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref5","year":2000,"container_name":"Surviving Childhood Sexual Abuse: Practical Self-Help for Adults that were Sexually Abused as Children"},{"index":23,"extra":{"doi":"10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.52"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref42"},{"index":24,"extra":{"doi":"10.1002/da.20753"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref28"},{"index":25,"extra":{"doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.160.7.1337"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref9"},{"index":26,"extra":{"doi":"10.1186/s12914-015-0064-9"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref11"},{"index":27,"extra":{"doi":"10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01188.x"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref30"},{"index":28,"extra":{"doi":"10.1017/s1352465807003645"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref21"},{"index":29,"extra":{"volume-title":"Working with Interpreters: Guidelines for Psychologists"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref15","year":2017,"container_name":"Working with Interpreters: Guidelines for Psychologists"},{"index":30,"extra":{"doi":"10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00940.x"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref4"},{"index":31,"extra":{"authors":["Beck"],"volume-title":"Transcultural Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Anxiety and Depression: A Practical Guide"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref7","year":2016,"container_name":"Transcultural Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Anxiety and Depression: A Practical Guide"},{"index":32,"extra":{"authors":["Chu"],"volume-title":"Rebuilding Shattered Lives: The Responsible Treatment of Complex Post-Traumatic and Dissociative Disorders"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref20","year":1998,"container_name":"Rebuilding Shattered Lives: The Responsible Treatment of Complex Post-Traumatic and Dissociative Disorders"},{"index":33,"extra":{"doi":"10.1017/s0140525x0000491x"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref12"},{"index":34,"extra":{"doi":"10.1001/jama.294.5.602"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref44"},{"index":35,"extra":{"authors":["Beck"],"volume-title":"Transcultural Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Anxiety and Depression: A Practical Guide"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref1","year":2016,"container_name":"Transcultural Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Anxiety and Depression: A Practical Guide"},{"index":36,"extra":{"volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref6","year":1994,"container_name":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders"},{"index":37,"extra":{"authors":["Herman"],"volume-title":"Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence: From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref27","year":1992,"container_name":"Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence: From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror"},{"index":38,"extra":{"authors":["Carlson"],"doi":"10.1176/ajp.148.11.1548","volume":"148"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref17","year":1991,"container_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","title":"Trauma experiences, posttraumatic stress, dissociation, and depression in Cambodian refugees","locator":"1548"},{"index":39,"extra":{"authors":["Bhugra"]},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref8","year":2005,"container_name":"World Psychiatry","title":"Migration, cultural bereavement and cultural identity","locator":"18"},{"index":40,"extra":{"doi":"10.1002/da.22469"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref22"},{"index":41,"extra":{"doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2004.03.006"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref24"},{"index":42,"extra":{"doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09081168"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref33"},{"index":43,"extra":{"doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2009.09.001"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref25"},{"index":44,"extra":{"volume-title":"Guideline for the Treatment and Planning of Services for Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Adults"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref53","year":2017,"container_name":"Guideline for the Treatment and Planning of Services for Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Adults"},{"index":45,"extra":{"doi":"10.4324/9780203502082"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref29"},{"index":46,"extra":{"authors":["Kennerley"],"volume-title":"A Casebook of Cognitive Therapy for Traumatic Stress Reactions"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref2","year":2009,"container_name":"A Casebook of Cognitive Therapy for Traumatic Stress Reactions","locator":"93"},{"index":47,"extra":{"authors":["Kennerley"],"volume-title":"A Casebook of Cognitive Therapy for Traumatic Stress Reactions"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref31","year":2009,"container_name":"A Casebook of Cognitive Therapy for Traumatic Stress Reactions","locator":"93"},{"index":48,"extra":{"doi":"10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00343-8"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref32"},{"index":49,"extra":{"doi":"10.1027/0044-3409/a000018"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref45"},{"index":50,"extra":{"doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-70990-1_12"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref35"},{"index":51,"extra":{"doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.029"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref37"},{"index":52,"extra":{"doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2014.03.010"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref26"},{"index":53,"extra":{"doi":"10.1192/bjp.180.4.363"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref38"},{"index":54,"extra":{"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0171030"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref40"},{"index":55,"extra":{"doi":"10.1016/0005-7967(91)90006-o"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref41"},{"index":56,"extra":{"authors":["Patel"],"volume":"26"},"key":"S1754470X19000114_ref43","year":2016,"container_name":"Torture","title":"Reviewing outcomes of psychological interventions with torture survivors: conceptual, methodological and ethical issues"}],"contribs":[{"index":0,"raw_name":"Zoe J. Chessell","role":"author","extra":{"seq":"first"}},{"index":1,"raw_name":"Francesca Brady","role":"author"},{"index":2,"raw_name":"Sameena Akbar","role":"author"},{"index":3,"raw_name":"Adele Stevens","role":"author"},{"index":4,"raw_name":"Kerry Young","role":"author"}],"language":"en","publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","volume":"12","ext_ids":{"doi":"10.1017/s1754470x19000114"},"release_year":2019,"release_stage":"published","release_type":"article-journal","container_id":"5q7gpkfrsfb4xoyhzagfankd7u","webcaptures":[],"filesets":[],"files":[{"release_ids":["3zfnetwp7nczjdslhqnam4wyiu"],"mimetype":"application/pdf","urls":[],"sha256":"ed1565d5492d688e40557206b0b8cafc49a84d28bfe45c7e4f0d24494b1a5777","sha1":"cf6e456b559f79371a3f7f6848126ba282156de2","md5":"620ea3713256de9fa6f33ff0130085ef","size":379232,"extra":{"shadows":{"scimag_doi":"10.1017/S1754470X19000114","scimag_id":"75391384"}},"revision":"0fdf1ef9-9fe7-4ca1-99b8-2e1842af28d4","ident":"jafdcbllojby3artleiixdnqk4","state":"active"},{"release_ids":["3zfnetwp7nczjdslhqnam4wyiu"],"mimetype":"application/pdf","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/1B09AB58101DF7AD547C6B72AFD5D16F/S1754470X19000114a.pdf/div-class-title-a-protocol-for-managing-dissociative-symptoms-in-refugee-populations-div.pdf","rel":"web"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200310202232/https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/1B09AB58101DF7AD547C6B72AFD5D16F/S1754470X19000114a.pdf/div-class-title-a-protocol-for-managing-dissociative-symptoms-in-refugee-populations-div.pdf","rel":"webarchive"}],"sha256":"de2ce8fa7e71261a547b4f85ae24df1e92ba4ff4ccd0e149bc89d99c3583f0d1","sha1":"b86f9d9c1291203d7fc7c607b1b0a0d8f83ee08a","md5":"28fd65dce1f2e7451e686c14e636d35e","size":379008,"revision":"2ab468f9-fb91-4aba-8bec-5acf136f278c","ident":"hz5vlkrx3zaxbmmotedso2mcpy","state":"active"}],"container":{"wikidata_qid":"Q15761335","issnp":"1754-4696","issne":"1754-470X","issnl":"1754-470X","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","name":"The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist","extra":{"abbrev":"Cogn Behav Therap","country":"gb","ezb":{"color":"red","ezb_id":"114653"},"kbart":{"clockss":{"year_spans":[[2008,2022]]},"portico":{"year_spans":[[2013,2022]]},"scholarsportal":{"year_spans":[[2008,2015],[2019,2020]]}},"languages":["en"],"publisher_type":"unipress","sherpa_romeo":{"color":"green"},"urls":["https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-cognitive-behaviour-therapist","http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=CBT","http://journals.cambridge.org/CBT"]},"revision":"aece8703-cab9-4672-b33f-81debf6c4c45","ident":"5q7gpkfrsfb4xoyhzagfankd7u","state":"active"},"work_id":"cexrt7uiw5db7dzxvlqblm3i6i","title":"A protocol for managing dissociative symptoms in refugee populations","state":"active","ident":"3zfnetwp7nczjdslhqnam4wyiu","revision":"260a09ae-4bdb-4337-9eb9-48b6b069fdb7","extra":{"crossref":{"alternative-id":["S1754470X19000114"],"license":[{"URL":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms","content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":111,"start":"2019-04-22T00:00:00Z"}],"type":"journal-article"}}}